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2025 Vol.2, Issue 3 Preview Page

Review Article

Fundamental Review Study on Protective Barrier Design for Enhancing Safety of Hydrogen Refueling Stations

수소충전소 안전성 향상을 위한 방호벽 설계: 기초 리뷰연구

Sangwoo Park1
,
Jinho Ahn2
,
Sangho Baek1
,
Kukjoo Kim3
,
Sangyoung Han4*
박 상우1
,
안 진호2
,
백 상호1
,
김 국주3
,
한 상영4*
1Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 01805, Rep. of Korea
2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 01805, Rep. of Korea
3Protective Structure Analysis Engineer, Department of Defense Facility Development, Defense Installations Agency, Seoul, 04353, Rep. of Korea
4Assistant Professor, Department of ICT Integrated Ocean Smart City Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Rep. of Korea
1육군사관학교 토목·환경학과 교수
2육군사관학교 토목·환경학과 조교수
3국방시설본부 방호시설발전과 방호구조분석관
4동아대 ICT융합해양스마트시티공학과 조교수
*Corresponding Author
20 August 2025. pp. 167-177
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Abstract

With the rapid expansion of hydrogen refueling stations, safety concerns related to high-pressure vessel explosions have become increasingly significant. However, current standards lack detailed guidelines for the structural design of protective barriers. This study aims to provide practical design data by analyzing the blast resistance and pressure mitigation performance of protective walls. To achieve this, blast loads were estimated using TNT equivalency and UFC 3-340-02, and the structural behavior and pressure propagation characteristics were evaluated through experiments and numerical simulations, considering foundation type, wall shape (inclined and flat), and barrier height. The results indicate that the TNT equivalent of a high-pressure hydrogen vessel was approximately 51.26 kg, and the blast load estimation method based on UFC 3-340-02 Chapter 2-14 provided the closest reflection pressure values to experimental results. Inclined barriers demonstrated superior performance in reducing reflected pressure compared to flat barriers. Analysis of pressure propagation behind the barrier revealed that a minimum height of 5 m is required to meet safety criteria; however, considering structural stability and constructability, a double-barrier configuration was identified as a more effective design alternative.

Keywords
Hydrogen refueling station
Protective barrier
TNT equivalency
Inclined barrier
Double barrier

수소충전소의 보급 확대와 함께 고압용기 폭발로 인한 안전 문제가 부각되고 있으나, 현행 기준은 방호벽 설계에 대한 구체적 지침이 미흡하다. 본 연구는 방호벽의 폭발저항 성능과 압력 차단 효과를 분석하여 실무 적용 가능한 설계 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 TNT 등가량 기반으로 UFC 3-340-02에 따라 폭발하중을 산정하고, 기초 형상, 벽체 형상(경사형·평면형), 방호벽 높이에 따른 구조적 거동과 압력 전파 특성을 실험과 수치해석으로 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 고압용기 폭발 시 TNT 등가량은 약 51.26kg으로 산정되었으며, UFC 3-340-02 Chapter 2-14 적용이 실험값과 가장 유사한 반사압력을 제공하였다. 또한, 경사형 방호벽은 평면형 대비 반사압력을 효과적으로 저감하였고, 방호벽 후방 압력 전파 분석에서는 최소 5m 이상의 높이가 요구되었다. 그러나 구조적 안정성과 시공성을 고려할 때 이중 방호벽 설계가 보다 합리적인 대안으로 평가되었다.

키워드
수소충전소
방호벽
TNT 등가량
경사형 방호벽
이중 방호벽
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Information
  • Publisher :Korea Protective Facility Institute
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국방호시설학회
  • Journal Title :Protective Facility
  • Journal Title(Ko) :방호시설
  • Volume : 2
  • No :3
  • Pages :167-177
  • Received Date : 2025-08-04
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-09
  • Accepted Date : 2025-08-11
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.23310/PF.2025.2.3.167
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