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Policy Research

A Proposal for a Multi-Layered Protection Framework for Civilian EMP Response

민간 분야 EMP 대응을 위한 다층 방호 프레임워크 제안

Su-Young Park1*
박 수영1*
1Senior Researcher, National Radio Research Agency, Naju, 58323, Rep. of Korea
1국립전파연구원 연구관
*Corresponding Author
19 November 2025. pp. 204-212
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Abstract

Existing electromagnetic pulse (EMP) protection research and policies have focused on military facilities and critical national infrastructure. However, in modern society, where everyone relies heavily on electronic devices, EMP threats are no longer confined to specific sectors. This paper identifies this research gap and argues for the urgent need to expand the EMP threat protection paradigm to the civilian sector. To this end, this paper analyzes various threat scenarios defined by international standards, ranging from high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) attacks to intentionally targeted, localized non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) attacks, based on their technical characteristics. Based on the waveform characteristics of each threat and its impact on electronic devices, this paper deeply explores the potential for failures and malfunctions in devices critical to the daily lives of citizens, such as household electronic devices, personal vehicles, and medical devices, and predicts the potential damage to property and life. Based on the analysis, this paper proposes a multi-layered resilience framework that encompasses practical protective measures applicable at the individual, household, community, commercial, and national levels.

Keywords
EMP
HEMP
NNEMP
Infrastructure
Civilian Sector

기존의 전자기파(EMP) 방호 연구 및 정책은 군사 시설과 국가 핵심 기반 시설에 집중됐다. 그러나 현대 사회는 모든 구성원이 전자기기에 깊이 의존하고 있어, EMP 위협은 더 이상 특정 영역에 국한된 문제가 아니다. 본 논문은 이러한 연구의 공백을 지적하며, EMP 위협에 대한 방호 대책의 패러다임을 민간 부문으로 확장해야 할 시급성을 주장한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 고고도 핵 전자기파(HEMP)부터 의도적으로 특정 목표를 겨냥하는 국지적 비핵 전자기파(NNEMP) 공격에 이르기까지, MIL-STD 및 IEC 표준에서 정의하는 다양한 위협 시나리오를 기술적 특성에 따라 분석한다. 각 위협의 파형 특성과 전자기기에 미치는 영향을 바탕으로, 가정용 전자기기, 개인 차량, 의료기기 등 시민의 일상과 생명에 직결된 장비들의 고장 및 오작동 가능성을 심층적으로 탐구하고, 이에 따라 발생할 수 있는 재산 및 인명피해 규모를 예측한다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 본 논문은 개인과 가정, 지역사회와 상업시설, 그리고 국가 차원에서 각각 수행할 수 있는 실질적인 방호 대책을 포함하는 다층적 복원력 프레임워크를 제안한다. 특히, 아파트 등 공동주택이 보편화된 주거 환경을 고려하여 건물 단위의 ‘공동체 복원력 거점’으로서 EMP 방호 대피시설의 필요성을 강조하고, IEC 표준에서 제시하는 차폐효과(dB) 등급을 민간 시설의 중요도에 맞게 차등 적용하는 방안을 구체적으로 논의한다.

키워드
EMP
HEMP
NNEMP
기반시설
민간분야
References
1

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IEC (2002a) IEC 61000-1-3: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 1-3: General - The Effects of High-Altitude EMP (HEMP) on Civil Equipment And Systems. Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

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Information
  • Publisher :Korea Protective Facility Institute
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국방호시설학회
  • Journal Title :Protective Facility
  • Journal Title(Ko) :방호시설
  • Volume : 2
  • No :4
  • Pages :204-212
  • Received Date : 2025-10-21
  • Revised Date : 2025-10-29
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-03
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.23310/PF.2025.2.4.204
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